Saliva microsampling,
no needle, just spit.

Saliva, self-collected and stabilised the moment the cap closes: germline DNA for genotyping and sequencing, salivary cortisol and the free steroid hormones, infectious-disease targets, collected at home or at the point of care and returned to an accredited laboratory under chain of custody. No needle, no phlebotomist, no clinic.

ORAgene saliva DNA collection device by DNA Genotek, on the Humans Nexus microsampling platform
Defined

What is saliva
microsampling?

Saliva microsampling is the collection of a defined volume of saliva, or oral fluid, by the patient, at home or at the point of care, into a device that stabilises it the moment it is collected, and its return to an accredited laboratory under documented chain of custody. It is the microsampling model applied to saliva: patient-collected, small-format, tracked through the platform, with no needle and no appointment. The industry also calls it saliva self-collection, oral-fluid sampling or, in genetics, saliva DNA collection; the buccal swab is its sponge-based variant for patients who cannot spit on cue.

The devices

Two devices, one stabilised sample.

Both saliva devices on the platform are made by DNA Genotek, whose stabilising chemistry keeps DNA intact at room temperature, five years by the maker’s own figure. ORAgene is the spit device: a full sample to the fill line, for genotyping, sequencing and biobanking. ORAcollect is the assisted device: a sponge in the cap swabs the mouth for children, infants and anyone who cannot spit on cue, and stabilises the DNA the same way. Humans Nexus curates and supplies both and assembles the regulated kit around them; DNA Genotek is the manufacturer.

ORAgene, self-collectedA full saliva sample through a funnel, DNA locked in as the lid closes, for genotyping, sequencing and biobanking. ORAgene →
ORAcollect, assistedA sponge in the cap swabs the mouth, the gentler route for children, infants and assisted collection, stabilised the same way. ORAcollect →

All DNA Genotek devices on the platform →

How it works

From collection to lab.

01Collect

For DNA, the patient spits to the fill line of an ORAgene tube, or an ORAcollect sponge swabs the inside of the mouth when spitting is not an option, and closing the cap releases the stabilising buffer. For hormone panels, a timed passive-drool or swab collection into the laboratory’s validated tube. A few minutes, no needle, no clinician.

02Seal & return

Sealed and ID-matched, the kit returns by tracked courier at ambient temperature: stabilised saliva DNA needs no cold chain, and a temperature trace is added only where a hormone panel requires one.

03Result

The laboratory accessions the sample under the same chain of custody, and the result returns through the platform into your system.

What it measures

A validated panel.

GeneticsGermline DNA for genotyping, pharmacogenomics, hereditary-cancer and carrier screening by sequencing, and biobanking
Steroid hormonesSalivary cortisol and cortisone, testosterone, androstenedione and DHEA: the free fraction, with multi-point diurnal profiling
Infectious diseaseViral and bacterial nucleic acid and antibody screening, where the assay is validated for oral fluid

Oral-microbiome sequencing runs on the same route once the collection protocol is fixed, because how saliva is collected changes what the sequencer sees. The reading list →

Why this matrix

Why saliva.

Steroids diffuse into saliva unbound from their carrier proteins, so saliva carries the free, biologically active fraction: for cortisol and the androgens it is often the better matrix than blood, and it is the only practical way for a patient to capture a multi-point daily cortisol curve at home. For DNA, a stabilised saliva sample genotypes as well as blood, which is why large genetics studies and biobanks moved to it. Saliva also reaches the patients blood draws lose: children, the needle-averse, the remote. It is not a universal substitute: estradiol sits below quantification in saliva and progesterone is detected too rarely to report, and stimulated salivary cortisol does not replace serum cortisol in children, so every analyte is validated in saliva before a laboratory reports it.

The evidence

What the record shows.

Each figure below belongs to the assay and the cohort that produced it. Where a paper’s abstract does not name the collection device, none is named here.

Saliva genotypes like blood2,910 DNA samples from a mostly elderly cohort, 2,344 of them saliva: in 22 of 23 paired samples the genotyping concordance with blood was 99.996%, call rates were above 99% for 43 of 44 saliva DNAs, and 94% of saliva specimens yielded at least 10 ng/µL (BMC Medical Genomics, 2016).
Hereditary-cancer sequencingBRCA1/2 sequencing on saliva against blood: 98% variant-calling concordance, and every saliva sample yielded enough DNA for library preparation (International Journal of Genomics, 2016).
Pharmacogenomics, with a caveatOn the DMET pharmacogenomic array, saliva DNA agreed with blood at 98.7% of calls, but its call rate was 88.8% against 99.1% for blood, because on average only 37.3% of the amplifiable DNA in saliva was human; above 31.3% human DNA the call rate reached 96% or better. The reason a quality gate sits before the array (PLoS ONE, 2012).
Late-night salivary cortisol screens1,453 late-night samples from 705 patients with suspected Cushing syndrome: immunoassay salivary cortisol was 97.5% sensitive for neoplastic hypercortisolism and 31.3% for ACTH-independent disease, and a single elevated value had poor specificity. A screen, not a confirmation (Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2020).
Adrenal insufficiency in adults128 healthy subjects and 59 with suspected adrenal insufficiency: salivary cortisol by LC-MS/MS 60 minutes after 250 µg cosyntropin, cut-off 12.6 nmol/L, gave 89% accuracy, 85% sensitivity and 90% specificity, and stayed linear in women on oral oestrogens (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2025).
The limit in childrenAcross 80 ACTH stimulation tests in children, salivary cortisol in the low-dose test correlated with serum at 0.59 at baseline and 0.33 at peak, with 73.9% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity; the authors do not support it as a substitute for serum cortisol there (Children, 2023).

Each analyte is validated in saliva by the laboratory before it is reported. The full reading list follows below.

Clinical-grade by design

Sealed. Tracked.
Ambient-stable.

The stabilising buffer preserves DNA at room temperature from the moment the cap closes. Every kit is ID-matched and sealed, its UDI bound to a chain of custody at activation and tracked by courier scan to accessioning; a temperature trace is added only where a hormone panel requires one. Each analyte is validated in saliva by the laboratory before it is reported.

The kit

What’s in the box.

Saliva | Cell

  • ORAgene or ORAcollect device, stabilising buffer in the cap
  • ID-matched, tamper-evident seal
  • Tracked return packaging
  • Guided collection in Flow, step by step
All kits →
Who it’s for

Whoever runs the test.

LaboratoriesExtend genetics, hormone and infectious-disease menus to remote collection
Pharma & CROPharmacogenomic genotyping and endocrine endpoints without site visits
Digital healthOffer at-home hormone testing inside your app
InsurersCortisol and hormone panels for wellness programmes, without a clinic

Infrastructure for healthcare and life sciences. Our partners reach the patient, and we never sell directly.

Good to know.

Is saliva as reliable as blood for hormones?

For the free-fraction steroid hormones, cortisol and the androgens above all, saliva is often the preferred matrix: it reflects the biologically active, unbound hormone and allows non-invasive, multi-point daily sampling a venous draw cannot match. Estradiol and progesterone are not reliably quantified in saliva, and each analyte is validated in saliva before it is reported.

Which analytes can saliva measure?

Germline DNA for genotyping, pharmacogenomics and sequencing; the free steroid hormones, salivary cortisol and cortisone, testosterone, androstenedione and DHEA; viral and bacterial nucleic acid and antibodies where the assay is validated for oral fluid; and the oral microbiome under a fixed collection protocol, all from an at-home or point-of-care collection.

Is saliva DNA as good as blood DNA for genotyping?

In paired samples, genotypes from stabilised saliva agreed with blood at 99.996%, and hereditary-cancer sequencing on saliva reached 98% variant concordance. Saliva also carries bacterial DNA, so a laboratory checks human-DNA content before an array, and a few percent of samples in a large elderly cohort fell below the yield threshold, the case for a repeat collection.

Which saliva collection device do you use?

ORAgene for a full spit sample and ORAcollect for assisted collection by sponge, both made by DNA Genotek, both stabilising DNA at the moment of collection. Humans Nexus curates and supplies them and assembles the regulated kit around them.

How is the sample kept stable in transit?

For DNA, the stabilising buffer released when the cap closes keeps the sample intact at room temperature, for years by the maker’s figure, so it ships without a cold chain. Hormone samples are collected at set times and, where the panel requires it, carry a temperature trace to the laboratory.

Who collects the sample?

The patient, at home, guided step by step in Flow, or a clinician at the point of care; no phlebotomist and no clinic visit.

Can children give a saliva sample?

Yes. ORAcollect’s sponge collects from children and infants who cannot spit on cue, at home under a parent’s supervision or at the point of care, with no needle involved. Pediatric microsampling →

Can salivary cortisol replace a blood cortisol test?

For screening and for diurnal profiling, often: late-night salivary cortisol is a first-line screen for Cushing syndrome, and in adults a stimulated salivary cortisol measured by LC-MS/MS reaches 89% diagnostic accuracy for adrenal insufficiency. It does not replace serum cortisol in the low-dose stimulation test in children, and a single elevated value confirms nothing on its own.

OpenSampling Library by Humans Nexus

Library Saliva microsampling

Every paper read and summarised in our own words, each on a page of its own in the OpenSampling Library.

Newest

  1. Comparison of self-collected oral swabs for supragingival microbiome characterization using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing

    Journal of microbiological methods · 2026 · Paywalled

    Participants preferred the Omnigene and Zymo oral swabs for comfort and ease of use, whilst the Omnigene device yielded the highest median bacterial DNA concentration compared to the other devices. The results indicate that the choice of self-collection device impacts

    Read in the Library
  2. Long-term stability at -80°C of oral wash and saliva samples for microbiome analyses

    Microbiology spectrum · 2026 · Paywalled

    Saliva samples collected using the OMNIgene ORAL device and oral wash samples remain stable for microbiome diversity and relative abundance analyses for up to five years when stored at -80°C. This supports the use of these self-collection methods for

    Read in the Library
  3. Clinical validation of a patient-friendly saliva microsampling approach to monitor perampanel levels in people with epilepsy

    Epilepsia · 2026 · Paywalled

    A prospective study of eleven adults with epilepsy found that saliva microsampling using VAMS showed excellent agreement with conventional liquid saliva for perampanel quantification, with a mean bias of -0.126 ng/mL. This supports analytical equivalence for decentralised

    Read in the Library
  4. Repeated Unstimulated Whole Saliva Collection: A Reliable Approach to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy

    Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026 · Open access

    Single unstimulated whole saliva measurements show high physiological variability, but averaging repeated self-collected samples, particularly in the evening, improves diagnostic reliability. This validation supports the implementation of

    Read in the Library
  5. Nanostructured zinc-coordination supraparticles on cellulose fibers: A 3D-Printed μ-FAD integrated smartphone platform for multiplexed salivary metabolic monitoring

    Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2026 · Paywalled

    This study validated a low-cost 3D-printed smartphone attachment and paper sensor for measuring glucose, uric acid and cholesterol in saliva, demonstrating high correlation with standard ELISA results in a small clinical cohort. The authors suggest this platform offers a scalable solution for

    Read in the Library
  6. Community singing intervention reduces maternal salivary cytokines and enhances maternal-infant cortisol synchrony in postnatal depression: biological findings from the SHAPER-PND trial

    Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 · Paywalled

    This study used home self-collected saliva samples to successfully monitor cytokines and cortisol in mothers and infants, finding that a community singing intervention significantly

    Read in the Library

All 411 in the OpenSampling Library

Hormones & steroids

  1. Community singing intervention reduces maternal salivary cytokines and enhances maternal-infant cortisol synchrony in postnatal depression: biological findings from the SHAPER-PND trial

    Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 · Paywalled

    This study used home self-collected saliva samples to successfully monitor cytokines and cortisol in mothers and infants, finding that a community singing intervention significantly

    Read in the Library
  2. Intraindividual Variability of the Cortisol Awakening Response, Sleep Dynamics, Stress, and Emotion in Two Persons With Poststroke Aphasia

    Journal of speech, language, and hearing research · 2026 · Paywalled

    At-home saliva sampling for cortisol was feasible over 12 days in two people with poststroke aphasia, with the cortisol awakening

    Read in the Library
  3. Salivary estradiol and progesterone across the menstrual cycle: Association and agreement with serum concentrations

    Physiological reports · 2026 · Open access

    Self-collected salivary progesterone and the ratio of estradiol to progesterone showed strong agreement with serum levels, supporting the use of saliva

    Read in the Library
  4. The Utility of Salivary 11-Dehydrodexamethasone as a Marker of Dexamethasone Absorption

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026 · Paywalled

    This study found that salivary 11-dehydrodexamethasone correlates strongly with serum dexamethasone, unlike salivary dexamethasone which shows poor agreement. This validation suggests patients could self-collect saliva samples at

    Read in the Library
  5. Ultrasensitive de novo Protein Sandwich Lateral flow Fluorescence Assay for Cortisol in Saliva and Serum using Quantum dots and Europium Nanoparticles

    Journal of fluorescence · 2026 · Paywalled

    This study validated a lateral flow fluorescence assay using quantum dots for saliva and europium nanoparticles for serum to detect cortisol within physiological ranges. The test operates in 15 minutes with a handheld reader,

    Read in the Library
  6. Repeat At-Home Saliva Collection to Measure Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR): Protocol Feasibility Study Among Black Women With Histories of Abuse

    Interactive journal of medical research · 2026 · Paywalled

    The study determined that an at-home saliva collection protocol using the passive drool method was feasible for Black women with histories of abuse, with 84% of participants completing at least one full day of adherent sampling. While the decentralised approach yielded usable cortisol data, women with

    Read in the Library

All 118 in the OpenSampling Library

Germline DNA & genotyping

  1. Study design with responsible return of results for a fully remote genome sequencing study in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome

    Genetics in medicine open · 2026 · Open access

    This study demonstrated that a fully remote genome sequencing study using self-collected dried blood spots and buccal swabs is feasible for individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome, with all participants completing the study and reporting the process was easy despite being lengthy. The design successfully returned actionable genetic findings,

    Read in the Library
  2. Collecting at-Home Biometric Measures for Longitudinal Research From the i3C: Feasibility and Acceptability Study

    JMIR human factors · 2025 · Open access

    In a one-week virtual home clinic with 134 participants, 86 per cent returned saliva and 84 per cent returned stool, and most components were feasible and acceptable despite device and logistical challenges. This supports decentralised, patient-centric

    Read in the Library
  3. Metagenome-assembled genomes enhance bacterial read decontamination and variant calling in oral samples

    iScience · 2025 · Open access

    This study found that a decontamination pipeline using metagenome-assembled genomes improves the accuracy of variant calling from saliva samples, showing superior concordance with blood-derived results compared to conventional methods. These results validate the potential of

    Read in the Library
  4. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Detection in Oral Rinse vs. Oral Sponge: A Preliminary Accuracy Report in Oral Cancer Patients

    Cancers · 2024 · Open access

    Self-collected oral sponge sampling found high accuracy for HPV DNA detection in oral cancer patients, with 100% specificity, 85.7% sensitivity and an AUC of 0.93, compared to oral rinse. The authors note larger cohorts

    Read in the Library
  5. Pediatric pharmacogenetics: profiling CYP2C8 polymorphisms at King Abdulaziz University Dental Clinic

    Drug metabolism and personalized therapy · 2024 · Paywalled

    Using the Oragene saliva device, this study identified elevated CYP2C8 allele frequencies in a Saudi paediatric cohort compared to other Asian populations, suggesting

    Read in the Library
  6. A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Dried Biofluid Microsampling in Patients With Kidney Disease

    Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2024 · Open access

    This systematic review of 67 studies involving 34,739 kidney disease patients found dried blood microsampling was mainly used for immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring and kidney function assessment. The approach offered cost savings, was preferred by patients for home self-collection, and provides a patient-centric

    Read in the Library

All 44 in the OpenSampling Library

Microbiome

  1. Comparison of self-collected oral swabs for supragingival microbiome characterization using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing

    Journal of microbiological methods · 2026 · Paywalled

    Participants preferred the Omnigene and Zymo oral swabs for comfort and ease of use, whilst the Omnigene device yielded the highest median bacterial DNA concentration compared to the other devices. The results indicate that the choice of self-collection device impacts

    Read in the Library
  2. Long-term stability at -80°C of oral wash and saliva samples for microbiome analyses

    Microbiology spectrum · 2026 · Paywalled

    Saliva samples collected using the OMNIgene ORAL device and oral wash samples remain stable for microbiome diversity and relative abundance analyses for up to five years when stored at -80°C. This supports the use of these self-collection methods for

    Read in the Library
  3. Collecting at-Home Biometric Measures for Longitudinal Research From the i3C: Feasibility and Acceptability Study

    JMIR human factors · 2025 · Open access

    In a one-week virtual home clinic with 134 participants, 86 per cent returned saliva and 84 per cent returned stool, and most components were feasible and acceptable despite device and logistical challenges. This supports decentralised, patient-centric

    Read in the Library
  4. Oral, Vaginal, and Stool Microbial Signatures in Patients With Endometriosis as Potential Diagnostic Non-Invasive Biomarkers: A Prospective Cohort Study

    BJOG · 2025 · Open access

    Self-collected oral and stool samples revealed distinct microbiome compositions in patients with endometriosis compared to controls, with Fusobacterium enrichment specifically observed in oral samples from moderate to severe cases. These results support the feasibility of decentralised

    Read in the Library
  5. Metagenome-assembled genomes enhance bacterial read decontamination and variant calling in oral samples

    iScience · 2025 · Open access

    This study found that a decontamination pipeline using metagenome-assembled genomes improves the accuracy of variant calling from saliva samples, showing superior concordance with blood-derived results compared to conventional methods. These results validate the potential of

    Read in the Library
  6. Saliva sampling method influences oral microbiome composition and taxa associated with oral diseases

    PLoS ONE · 2024 · Open access

    An analysis of 88 individuals aged 7 to 18 years found that stimulated saliva collection detected disease-associated microbiome taxa that unstimulated sampling missed. The authors note that sampling protocols must be standardised

    Read in the Library

All 26 in the OpenSampling Library

These citations describe the published evidence for the collection formats and devices, not claims about specific Humans Nexus assays, which are validated per analyte and per laboratory.

Put saliva on the platform.

Talk to us about adding saliva collection to your programme.