We show our work.
The research library.
The peer-reviewed evidence behind every format and device on the platform (method and clinical validation across blood, saliva, urine and stool). We link an open-access full text wherever one exists, and the publisher or PubMed record otherwise. Each page on the site shows its own relevant subset; this is the whole set in one place.
The evidence
Every paper, one place.
Sorted newest first, across all matrices and devices. Filter by sample type, collection format, device or topic (or search by title, author or journal). These citations describe the published evidence for the collection formats and devices themselves (not claims about specific Humans Nexus assays, which are validated per analyte and per laboratory).
Clinical Validation of Venetoclax Volumetric Microsampling in Leukemia, with Whole-Blood-to-Plasma Conversion and Self-Microsampling FeasibilityLevens et al. · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · 2026 · PaywalledIn AML and CLL, 91% of VAMS venetoclax results fell within ±20% of plasma once an individualised haematocrit correction was applied; among patients trying home collection, 18 of 21 sampled independently and 76% of returned samples were analysable (home self-microsampling proved feasible).
To Convert or Not to Convert? Official IATDMCT Guideline on Converting Capillary-Blood Microsampling Concentrations to Plasma ConcentrationsBoffel et al. · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · 2026 · PaywalledGuidance on capillary-to-plasma conversion: method- and analyte-specific clinical validation with paired capillary–venous samples before reporting plasma-equivalent results.
Case Studies on the Use of Patient-centric Sampling for Clinical Studies in Pharmaceutical Drug DevelopmentPatel et al. · The AAPS Journal · 2025 · PaywalledWorked case studies of patient-centric sampling deployed in pharmaceutical drug development (how sponsors have implemented it, rather than whether it is possible).
A Pharmacokinetic Study of Zavegepant Nasal Spray in Healthy Adults Comparing Conventional Venous Blood Sampling With Patient-Centric MicrosamplingShahin et al. · Clinical and Translational Science · 2025 · Open accessA head-to-head pharmacokinetic comparison of conventional venous sampling against patient-centric microsampling (exactly the bridging study regulators now expect before microsampled data supports an endpoint).Open-access full text (PDF)
Decentralized Clinical Trials in the Era of Real-World Evidence: A Critical Assessment of Recent ExperiencesWang et al. · Clinical and Translational Science · 2025 · Open accessA critical assessment of recent decentralised trial experience, weighing what the model has delivered against what was claimed for it.Open-access full text (PDF)
Utility of Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone in the Diagnostics of Adrenal InsufficiencyKvam Hellan et al. · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2025 · PaywalledSalivary cortisol and cortisone assessed for diagnosing adrenal insufficiency (clinical utility for a saliva analyte, not only stabilisation of the matrix).
At-Home Self-Collection of Pharmacokinetic Data: Design and Results From a Phase 1 Open-Label Feasibility TrialRaoufinia et al. · Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development · 2025 · Open accessA phase 1 trial designed around participant self-collection of pharmacokinetic samples at home, with video training and pre-assembled kits (evidence that the model is a training and logistics package, not only a device).Open-access full text (PDF)
Recommendation Paper on Advancing the Use of Decentralised Elements in Clinical TrialsBond et al. · Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science · 2025 · Open accessA recommendation paper on extending decentralised elements in trials, covering the conditions under which trial activity (including biological sample collection) may take place away from the investigator site.Open-access full text (PDF)
The economic evidence for microsampling to support therapeutic drug monitoring: A systematic reviewCarland et al. · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · 2025 · PaywalledA systematic review of the published economic evidence for microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring (the single most direct answer to what remote collection costs against conventional phlebotomy).
Advancing Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Oral Targeted Anticancer Drugs: From Hospital-Based Towards Home-SamplingMeertens et al. · Biomedical Chromatography · 2025 · Open accessA review of the transition from hospital-based to home sampling for oral targeted anticancer drug monitoring.Open-access full text (PDF)
Comparing Participant Experiences of at-Home and Hospital-Based Biological Sampling: Cross-Sectional Insights From the SIREN StudyLut et al. · Health Science Reports · 2025 · Open accessA direct comparison of participant experience between at-home and hospital-based sampling within a large UK healthcare-worker cohort.Open-access full text (PDF)
Evaluating blood sampling strategies within the SIREN study: the experience from a large cohort of healthcare workers in the UKHettiarachchi et al. · BMC Medical Research Methodology · 2025 · Open accessAn evaluation of blood sampling strategies across a large UK healthcare-worker cohort study, covering how sampling approach affected participation.Open-access full text (PDF)
Non-invasive assessment of free steroid hormones: a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for salivary steroid quantificationSlettvoll et al. · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · 2025 · Open accessTestosterone, androstenedione, cortisol and cortisone were measurable from 200 µL saliva, but estradiol fell below quantification and progesterone in under half of samples (only a subset of steroids is reliable in saliva, and not interchangeable with serum).Open-access full text (PDF)
Larger-volume capillary blood sampling is a valid alternative to assess progesterone and 17β-estradiol for cycle phase identificationSchlie et al. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2025 · Open accessCapillary samples of 100–250 µL taken alongside venous draws twice weekly across a full menstrual cycle agreed closely for progesterone and 17β-estradiol (concordance 0.911 and 0.919, minimal bias) (accurate enough to classify cycle phase and to flag anovulatory or luteal-phase-deficient cycles). The capillary blood was taken from the earlobe, so this validates the matrix and the volume rather than any one collection device.Open-access full text (PDF)
Comparing capillary blood collection technologies: patient experience, device performance and clinical accuracyCollier et al. · Bioanalysis · 2025 · PaywalledA head-to-head of four upper-arm capillary devices (incl. TAP Micro Select) versus fingerstick and venous: experience and performance varied by device with none clearly superior, while analyte correlations with venous were similar across all.
Evaluation of a Simplified Upper-Arm Device for Vacuum-Assisted Collection of Capillary BloodSchaff et al. · Diagnostics · 2025 · Open accessA vacuum-assisted upper-arm device collected a mean 538 µL and met the volume target in 85.5% of cases; 17 of 19 analytes met CLIA agreement with venous, with pain lower than fingerstick.Open-access full text (PDF)
Comparison of capillary and venous plasma lipidomes: validation of self-collected blood for plasma lipidomicsHameed et al. · J. Lipid Research · 2025 · Open accessPlasma lipidomes from self-collected upper-arm capillary blood were statistically indistinguishable from paired venous plasma (most classes r=0.95–0.99) (validating at-home capillary self-collection for lipidomics).Open-access full text (PDF)
Impact of first-void urine volume on chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity ratesHall et al. · Microbiology Spectrum · 2025 · Open accessAcross ~27,000 specimens, moderate over-collection of first-void urine did not meaningfully change chlamydia or gonorrhoea positivity (first-void STI detection is robust to volume variation, provided the early urethral fraction is captured).Open-access full text (PDF)
Patient Centric Microsampling to Support Paxlovid Clinical Development: Bridging and ImplementationWan et al. · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 2024 · PaywalledAt-home capillary microsampling carried pharmacokinetic sampling across the Paxlovid phase II/III programme, with fewer than 3% of more than 800 samples unusable, and the resulting data supported the Emergency Use Authorization and subsequent FDA approval (remotely collected samples accepted in a registrational filing).
Clinical validation of two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices to support home-based therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressionLeino et al. · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · 2024 · PaywalledHead-to-head clinical validation of two VAMS devices for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid, with roughly 86–88% of samples within ±20% of venous.
Using Dried Blood Spots to Quantitatively Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies by ELISA: A Validation StudyYlade et al. · American J. Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2024 · Open accessDBS achieved 100% sensitivity, 99% specificity and ~97% concordance versus paired serum (the strength of the classic card for ratio/threshold serology).Open-access full text (PDF)
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in ToxicologyReview · Toxics · 2024 · Open accessConfirms urine is the second-most-applied VAMS matrix in forensics, collecting a consistent volume regardless of viscosity and enabling room-temperature storage and shipping.Open-access full text (PDF)
LC-HRMS screening for 11 classes of prohibited substances in dried urine spots for doping control— · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · 2024 · PaywalledA multi-targeted procedure covered 237 prohibited substances across 11 WADA classes in dried urine spots, with environmental-stability testing for refrigeration-free transport.
Saliva sampling method influences oral microbiome composition and taxa associated with oral diseasesRoca et al. · PLoS ONE · 2024 · Open accessHow saliva is collected changes the microbiome result (stimulated collection surfaced disease-associated taxa that unstimulated missed) so the protocol must be standardised before results can be compared.Open-access full text (PDF)
Transdermal blood sampling for C-peptide is a minimally invasive, reliable alternative to venous sampling in children and adults with type 1 diabetesBesser et al. · Diabetes Care · 2024 · Open accessIn 91 children and adults, capillary C-peptide taken with the TAP device matched venous sampling with 100% sensitivity and specificity for a clinically relevant level (≥200 pmol/L; r = 0.996). 63% preferred it to a needle against 7% who preferred the needle, and same-day bruising was 5.5% versus 34.8% after a venous draw.Open-access full text (PDF)
Feasibility, acceptability and safety of a device for self-collecting capillary blood in clinical trialsDasari et al. · PLOS ONE · 2024 · Open accessIn at-home and trial settings, a wet capillary device reliably collected a median ~450 µL with a 4.4% failure rate; 88% of adults preferred self-collection over venipuncture, with lower pain.Open-access full text (PDF)
Clinical Performance of the OncoPredict HPV Screening Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Specimens (VALHUDES)Giubbi et al. · J. Medical Virology · 2024 · Open accessAn independent VALHUDES evaluation found HPV screening on Colli-Pee first-void urine detected high-grade cervical lesions with sensitivity comparable to clinician-collected cervical samples (reinforcing urine self-sampling for cervical screening).Open-access full text (PDF)
Assessing the Financial Value of Decentralized Clinical TrialsDiMasi et al. · Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science · 2023 · Open accessA financial model of decentralised trial elements from the Tufts drug-development economics group, quantifying the return on reduced cycle time and screening burden.Open-access full text (PDF)
Methods and perceptions of success for patient recruitment in decentralized clinical studiesMiyata et al. · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · 2023 · Open accessA systematic review of 13 decentralised studies: 11 reported recruitment success with approaches departing from site-based methods, and 7 reported success retaining participants. The recruitment finding largely reflects remote outreach rather than remote sampling specifically.Open-access full text (PDF)
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus Based on VAMS in Renal Transplant Pediatric Recipients — LC-MS/MS Method, Hematocrit Effect, and Clinical ApplicationKocur et al. · Pharmaceutics · 2023 · Open accessA validated VAMS LC-MS/MS tacrolimus method in pediatric kidney-transplant recipients correlated strongly with the reference method, with minimal haematocrit impact.Open-access full text (PDF)
VAMS and parallel-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry for tacrolimus trough measurements at home in paediatric heart-transplant patientsZhao et al. · J. Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · 2023 · Open accessAt-home VAMS tacrolimus sampling showed no significant difference from clinic venipuncture, with stability through postal shipping and strong family acceptance.Open-access full text (PDF)
Analytical and Clinical Validation of Assays for VAMS of Drugs in Different Blood Matrices: A Literature ReviewNugraha et al. · Molecules · 2023 · Open accessA structured review: many VAMS assays are analytically validated and can substitute for venous sampling for well-characterised analytes, though clinical-validation depth varies.Open-access full text (PDF)
Clinical validation and feasibility of VAMS for monitoring of nilotinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib, trametinib and ruxolitinibZimmermann et al. · J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · 2023 · PaywalledVAMS matched serum for the kinase inhibitors nilotinib, cabozantinib, dabrafenib and ruxolitinib (r 0.94–0.97; serum reliably predictable for the first three), and 93% of at-home samples were collected correctly (at-home VAMS shown feasible for routine cancer-drug monitoring).
VAMS and dried plasma spot for antifungal triazole agents (voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole) in pediatric patients by LC-MS/MSSimeoli et al. · J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · 2023 · PaywalledIn children, VAMS and dried plasma spot voriconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole correlated with fresh plasma (Spearman 0.82–0.94) and stayed stable at room temperature for at least 14 days (refrigeration-free antifungal TDM in paediatrics).
Quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 in Mitra devices (VAMS) by UHPLC-HRMS for regular vitamin D status monitoringTuma et al. · J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · 2023 · PaywalledA UHPLC-HRMS assay quantified 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 from 20 µL Mitra VAMS samples with accuracy under 10% and precision under 11% (LOQ 5 ng/mL) (sensitive enough to flag deficiency and simple enough for untrained self-collection, enabling year-round vitamin-D monitoring).
VAMS-based blood capillary sampling for mass-spectrometry-based human metabolomics studiesVolani et al. · Metabolites · 2023 · Open accessCapillary VAMS blood covered more of the metabolome than plasma (capturing intracellular red-cell metabolites) and correlated moderately-to-well with venous (Spearman 0.66); the honest caveats are higher finger-prick replicate variability and a need for −80 °C storage within six hours.Open-access full text (PDF)
Application of dried urine spots for non-targeted quadrupole time-of-flight drug screening— · J. Analytical Toxicology · 2023 · PaywalledDried urine spots with automated extraction detected over 95% of the drugs found in paired liquid urine by LC-Q-TOF.
Factors influencing oral microbiome analysis: from saliva sampling to sequencing platformsBang et al. · Scientific Reports · 2023 · Open accessBoth collection method and sequencing platform shape the measured salivary microbiome, though three stabilisation media gave comparable diversity (method must be held constant across a cohort).Open-access full text (PDF)
Reliability of Salivary versus Serum Cortisol for Diagnosing Adrenal Insufficiency in ChildrenCiancia et al. · Children · 2023 · Open accessDuring ACTH stimulation, salivary cortisol correlated only weakly with serum and gave modest accuracy (saliva does not reliably replace serum cortisol for adrenal insufficiency). A concrete limit.Open-access full text (PDF)
Maximizing microsampling: measurement of comprehensive metabolic and lipid panels using a novel capillary blood collection deviceCollier et al. · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · 2023 · PaywalledTAP II capillary serum (both professionally collected and self-collected) correlated with venous serum at R > 0.9 for eight analytes including ALT, AST, cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides. Creatinine correlated acceptably but carried a consistent negative bias, and carbon dioxide, potassium and albumin did not reach acceptable agreement: the useful reading is that the panel has to be validated, not the device alone.
Capillary blood stability and analytical accuracy of 12 analytes stored in MicrotainersFontaine & Saez · Practical Laboratory Medicine · 2023 · Open accessFingerstick blood self-collected into BD Microtainer tubes and posted at ambient temperature for 24 h agreed acceptably with paired serum for 11 of 12 analytes (HbA1c, lipids, creatinine, urea, urate, liver enzymes and total protein) with only AST falling outside limits.Open-access full text (PDF)
A systematic review of methods used to conduct decentralised clinical trialsRogers et al. · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · 2022 · PaywalledA systematic review of the methods actually used to run decentralised trials, mapping which elements have been deployed and how.
Leveraging patient-centric sampling for clinical drug development and decentralized clinical trials: Promise to realityMaass et al. · Clinical and Translational Science · 2022 · Open accessAn IQ Consortium position paper from sponsor scientists positioning patient-centric sampling as the enabling technology for decentralised trials, and stating that a bridging study against conventional sampling “has quickly been established as a regulatory expectation”.Open-access full text (PDF)
The societal impact of implementing an at-home blood sampling device for chronic care patients: patient preferences and cost impactLingervelder et al. · BMC Health Services Research · 2022 · Open accessA combined patient-preference and cost analysis of an at-home blood sampling device in chronic care, covering both what patients choose and what the shift costs the system.Open-access full text (PDF)
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using Dried Blood MicrosamplesVerougstraete et al. · Frontiers in Oncology · 2022 · Open accessA review of dried blood microsampling for tyrosine kinase inhibitor monitoring, covering the analytical and clinical requirements for moving oral cancer-drug TDM out of hospital.Open-access full text (PDF)
A VAMS UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Tacrolimus, Mycophenolic Acid and Creatinine in Whole Blood of Renal Transplant RecipientsWang et al. · Pharmaceutics · 2022 · Open accessA single VAMS run quantified two immunosuppressants plus creatinine with minimal haematocrit effect (combined drug-and-organ-function monitoring from one dried tip).Open-access full text (PDF)
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Drugs — From Sampling and Analytical Issues to Clinical ApplicationKocur & Pawiński · Int. J. Molecular Sciences · 2022 · Open accessA review positioning VAMS as state-of-the-art for immunosuppressant TDM: a fixed, accurate blood volume with a reduced haematocrit effect, home sampling and better adherence, especially in paediatric transplant (while flagging higher unit cost and a need for multicentre validation and cross-lab harmonisation before routine use).Open-access full text (PDF)
Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infectionShook, Edlow et al. · JAMA · 2022 · Open accessThe paper records that the TAP II devices used for the infant draws were provided by YourBio Health, and that capillary serum was collected from babies as young as two months (the smallest patients sampled, without a heel prick or a venepuncture).Open-access full text (PDF)
Remote self-collection of upper-arm capillary blood for autoantibody analysis in immune-mediated rheumatic diseasesZarbl et al. · RMD Open · 2022 · Open accessPatients self-collected upper-arm capillary blood with press-activated devices (incl. TAP II); autoantibody and CRP results agreed with venous (r≥0.98), were rated less painful, and 98.6% got enough blood within two attempts.Open-access full text (PDF)
Accuracy and tolerability of capillary self-sampling for inflammation and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trialKnitza et al. · Arthritis Research & Therapy · 2022 · Open accessCapillary self-sampling gave CRP and autoantibody values nearly identical to venous (ICC 0.97–0.998), was less painful, and the upper-arm route drew far higher acceptance and willingness to sample at home.Open-access full text (PDF)
Characterising the nationwide burden and predictors of unkept outpatient appointments in the National Health Service in England: A cohort study using electronic health recordsPhilpott-Morgan et al. · PLOS Medicine · 2021 · Open accessA national cohort study of unkept outpatient appointments across NHS England, quantifying the scale of missed appointments and who misses them (the cost of requiring the patient to travel).Open-access full text (PDF)
Comparison of antibiotic sampling techniques: predicting plasma vancomycin from VAMS capillary versus venous/arterial whole bloodDownes et al. · Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IDWeek) · 2021 · Open accessThe honest counterpoint in children: VAMS predicted plasma vancomycin only modestly, venous/arterial VAMS was more accurate than capillary, and 29% of capillary samples were unusable for collection issues (collection technique and training matter as much as the assay).Open-access full text (PDF)
Antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and human coronaviruses: multiplex beads assay and VAMS to generate immune-repertoire cartographyWang et al. · Frontiers in Immunology · 2021 · Open accessFully remote, home-collected fingerstick VAMS (Mitra) samples from 54 participants measured IgG/IgA/IgM against spike and nucleocapsid across seven coronaviruses, cleanly separating pre-pandemic, convalescent and vaccinated groups (supporting VAMS for at-home serosurveillance).Open-access full text (PDF)
Volumetric absorptive microsampling: its use in COVID-19 research and testingRudge · Bioanalysis · 2021 · Open accessA pandemic review of VAMS (Mitra): remotely self-collected home microsamples were shown to be as accurate as in-clinic samples for serology, keeping studies running when travelling to a clinic became risky.Open-access full text (PDF)
The evolving role of microsampling in therapeutic drug monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in inflammatory diseasesMingas et al. · Molecules · 2021 · Open accessA review of microsampling (VAMS and DBS) for TDM of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (adalimumab, infliximab and others) in inflammatory disease: a convenient, home-friendly alternative to venepuncture that can preserve analytical accuracy, subject to assay-specific validation.Open-access full text (PDF)
Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites— · BMC Chemistry · 2021 · Open accessFour dried urine spots across a day matched a 24-hour liquid collection for 17 reproductive hormones and metabolites, with intraclass correlations above 0.90.Open-access full text (PDF)
An ambient-temperature stabilisation device performs comparably to flash-frozen collection for stool metabolomics in infantsRamamoorthy et al. · BMC Microbiology · 2021 · Open accessAn ambient-temperature DNA Genotek device recovered 94.5% of the metabolites seen in flash-frozen aliquots with strong agreement (room-temperature stabilisation can stand in for immediate freezing).Open-access full text (PDF)
Impact of Collection Volume and DNA Extraction Method on the Detection of Biomarkers and HPV DNA in First-Void UrineTéblick et al. · Molecules · 2021 · Open accessIn first-void urine collected with Colli-Pee, the extraction method influenced HPV and human DNA yield more than the collected volume did (standardising processing matters at least as much as standardising volume).Open-access full text (PDF)
Clinical and analytical evaluation of high-risk HPV testing on Colli-Pee first-void urine using the VALHUDES protocolVan Keer et al. · Gynecologic Oncology · 2021 · PaywalledHigh-risk HPV testing on first-void urine self-collected with Colli-Pee was about as sensitive (relative sensitivity 0.95) and specific for CIN2+ as clinician-taken cervical samples, supporting standardised first-void urine as a valid screening matrix.
High adherence and low dropout rate in a virtual clinical study of atopic dermatitis through weekly reward-based personalized genetic lifestyle reportsAli et al. · PLOS ONE · 2020 · Open accessA fully virtual clinical study reporting high adherence and a low dropout rate (evidence that remote participation need not cost retention).Open-access full text (PDF)
Monitoring of Adalimumab Concentrations at Home in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Dried Blood SamplesBerends et al. · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · 2020 · PaywalledAt-home dried blood sampling used for adalimumab concentration monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease (biologic TDM performed by the patient).
Opportunities and obstacles for microsampling techniques in bioanalysis: special focus on DBS and VAMSLondhe & Rajadhyaksha · J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · 2020 · PaywalledA review contrasting the formats (framing the haematocrit effect, non-uniform spreading and homogeneity limits of DBS as the problems volumetric sampling is designed to solve).
Dried urine microsampling coupled to LC-MS/MS for the analysis of unconjugated anabolic-androgenic steroids— · Molecules · 2020 · Open accessA direct DUS-versus-VAMS comparison for 13 steroids on the same urine: VAMS gave better precision and recovery and superior one-year room-temperature stability.Open-access full text (PDF)
A validated VAMS-LC-MS/MS method to quantify doxycycline in urine: monitoring malaria-chemoprophylaxis compliance— · J. Analytical Methods in Chemistry · 2020 · Open accessUrine VAMS quantified doxycycline with 96–106% accuracy and 31-day room-temperature stability, supporting cold-chain-free adherence monitoring.Open-access full text (PDF)
Prospective Evaluation of Late-Night Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone in Suspected Cushing SyndromeKannankeril et al. · J. Endocrine Society · 2020 · Open accessLate-night salivary cortisol was a highly sensitive screen (~97%) for ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, but performed poorly for adrenal disease (a validated screening, not confirmatory, test).Open-access full text (PDF)
Toward a human whole-stool reference material for metabolomic and metagenomic gut-microbiome measurementsMandal et al. · Metabolomics · 2020 · Open accessA multi-institution workshop made the case for a characterised whole-stool reference material so microbiome measurements can be standardised across labs (addressing the absence of defined faecal inputs).Open-access full text (PDF)
Impact of sampling regions and storage methods on fecal gut microbiome and metabolome profilesLiang et al. · mSphere · 2020 · Open accessSampling region barely affected community structure but strongly changed metabolite profiles, and homogenising the stool was essential for reproducible metabolomics (underscoring standardised, defined preparation).Open-access full text (PDF)
Non-invasive Assessment of Vaccine-Induced HPV Antibodies via First-Void UrinePattyn et al. · Frontiers in Immunology · 2020 · Open accessVaccine-induced HPV antibodies from cervicovaginal secretions can be measured in first-void urine and correlate with serum (demonstrating first-void urine as a non-invasive liquid-biopsy matrix beyond nucleic-acid detection).Open-access full text (PDF)
The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta-analysisMcLenon & Rogers · Journal of Advanced Nursing · 2019 · PaywalledThe reference systematic review and meta-analysis of needle-fear prevalence across children and adults (the quantified basis for why a proportion of any population will not present for a venous draw).
Dried blood samples can support monitoring of infliximab concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A clinical validationBerends et al. · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · 2019 · Open accessA clinical validation showing dried blood samples can support infliximab concentration monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.Open-access full text (PDF)
Analysis of the heterogeneous distribution of amiloride and propranolol in dried blood spot by UHPLC-FLD and MALDI-imagingUribe et al. · Molecules · 2019 · Open accessImaging shows analytes distribute non-uniformly within a single spot (one central, one peripheral) (so where a sub-punch is taken can change the answer).Open-access full text (PDF)
Official IATDMCT Guideline: Development and Validation of Dried Blood Spot-Based Methods for Therapeutic Drug MonitoringCapiau et al. · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · 2019 · PaywalledThe consensus guideline defining the analytical- and clinical-validation requirements for dried-blood TDM (the standardisation reference for implementing a dried assay clinically).
Evaluating urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites using dried filter-paper samples and GC-MS/MS— · BMC Chemistry · 2019 · Open accessDried-urine hormone-metabolite results were comparable to serum concentrations measured by conventional RIA, supporting dried urine as a serum surrogate for reproductive hormones.Open-access full text (PDF)
Gut microbiome comparability of fresh-frozen versus stabilised-frozen samples by 16S and shotgun metagenomicsIlett et al. · Scientific Reports · 2019 · Open accessStool stabilised in OMNIgene·GUT then frozen produced 16S and shotgun profiles statistically indistinguishable from fresh-frozen aliquots (supporting stabilised collection where freezing is impractical).Open-access full text (PDF)
Evaluation of Colli-Pee first-void urine self-sampling at home versus clinic-based collection for sexually transmitted infections in MSMDe Baetselier et al. · BMJ Open · 2019 · Open accessAt-home first-void urine self-collection with Colli-Pee was feasible, well accepted, and gave chlamydia/gonorrhoea detection comparable to routine clinic-based urine (supporting home first-void sampling for populations needing frequent STI testing).Open-access full text (PDF)
Evaluation of Interventions Intended to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisDougherty et al. · JAMA Internal Medicine · 2018 · PaywalledA systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to raise colorectal cancer screening participation, including mailed outreach of home collection kits.
Quantitative metabolomics comparison of traditional blood draws and TAP capillary blood collectionCatala et al. · Metabolomics · 2018 · PaywalledMetabolomics of TAP capillary blood matched venous draws for most metabolites (amino acids, bile acids, acyl-carnitines r≥0.95); a small redox/energy subset differed with collection dynamics.
Recruitment and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials: a review of trials funded and published by the United Kingdom Health Technology Assessment ProgrammeWalters et al. · BMJ Open · 2017 · Open accessA review of recruitment and retention across UK HTA-funded randomised trials, quantifying how routinely trials miss their targets (the baseline problem decentralised collection is meant to address).Open-access full text (PDF)
Dried blood spots from finger prick facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab and anti-adalimumab in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseasesKneepkens et al. · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · 2017 · PaywalledFinger-prick dried blood spots supported monitoring of both adalimumab and anti-adalimumab antibodies in inflammatory rheumatic disease (biologic TDM without a venous draw).
Quantitative microbiome profiling links gut community variation to microbial loadVandeputte et al. · Nature · 2017 · PaywalledExpressing taxa as cells per gram of stool showed faecal microbial load varies ~10-fold between healthy people and drives apparent compositional differences (relative-abundance data alone can misrepresent quantitative change).
Clinical feasibility of dried blood spots: analytics, validation, and applicationsEnderle, Foerster & Burhenne · J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · 2016 · PaywalledA review of clinical DBS across TDM, metabolic monitoring and trials, arguing that analytical and clinical validation must be obligatory before clinical use.
Saliva DNA quality and genotyping efficiency in a predominantly elderly populationGudiseva et al. · BMC Medical Genomics · 2016 · Open accessWith Oragene DISCOVER self-collection, saliva SNP-array genotypes matched blood at 99.996% concordance; about 6% of samples failed on low yield, so an occasional repeat should be expected.Open-access full text (PDF)
Validation of saliva as an alternative specimen for detecting hereditary breast-cancer mutations by next-generation sequencingMeghnani et al. · International J. Genomics · 2016 · Open accessORAcollect saliva matched blood at 97.9% overall variant concordance on a hereditary-cancer NGS panel, rising to 100% for protein-coding variants (supporting self-collected saliva for germline testing).Open-access full text (PDF)
Does volumetric absorptive microsampling eliminate the hematocrit bias for caffeine and paraxanthine in dried blood samples? A comparative studyDe Kesel, Lambert & Stove · Analytica Chimica Acta · 2015 · PaywalledVAMS eliminated the variable haematocrit bias seen with DBS, but a residual haematocrit-dependent recovery effect persisted at high haematocrit (the nuance that assays still need per-analyte validation).
New microfluidic-based sampling procedure for overcoming the hematocrit problem associated with dried blood spot analysisLeuthold et al. · Analytical Chemistry · 2015 · PaywalledThe foundational quantitative-DBS work: a microfluidic layer meters a controlled 5–10 µL onto a standard card in seconds, targeting the haematocrit problem at source.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling: A Dried Sample Collection Technique for Quantitative BioanalysisDenniff & Spooner · Analytical Chemistry · 2014 · PaywalledThe foundational VAMS paper: a fixed ~10 µL is absorbed with under 5% volume variation across a 20–70% haematocrit range, overcoming the area bias and homogeneity problems of the dried blood spot.
Long-term urine biobanking: storage stability of clinical-chemical parameters under moderate freezing without preservatives— · Clinical Biochemistry · 2014 · PaywalledThe honest counterpoint: many liquid-urine parameters (creatinine, iodine, nitrogen, minerals) remained valid after 12–15 years frozen at −22 °C without preservative.
Feasibility of self-collection of fecal specimens by randomly sampled women for gut-microbiome studiesFeigelson et al. · BMC Research Notes · 2014 · Open accessMailed at-home stool self-collection was feasible: ~20% of those approached enrolled and ~80% of those returned a usable specimen (workable, but recruitment depends on active, well-timed follow-up).Open-access full text (PDF)
Accuracy of Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysisLee et al. · Annals of Internal Medicine · 2014 · Open accessPooling 19 studies, FIT for colorectal cancer showed ~0.79 sensitivity and ~0.94 specificity (a moderately sensitive, highly specific single-sample stool screen, dependent on the positivity cut-off).Open-access full text (PDF)
Optimization of HPV DNA detection in urine by improving collection, storage, and extractionVorsters et al. · European J. Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · 2014 · PaywalledCollecting a first-void (not midstream) sample and combining it immediately with a DNA-conservation buffer markedly improves urinary HPV DNA detection (suboptimal collection otherwise underestimates true prevalence).
Hemato-critical issues in quantitative analysis of dried blood spots: challenges and solutionsDe Kesel et al. · Bioanalysis · 2013 · PaywalledThe canonical review of the haematocrit effect (decomposing it into recovery bias, matrix effects, spot-size/homogeneity variation and analyte-distribution bias).
Genotyping Performance between Saliva and Blood-Derived Genomic DNAs on the DMET Array: A ComparisonHu et al. · PLoS ONE · 2012 · Open accessOragene-stabilised saliva DNA agreed with blood at 98.7% of called markers on a pharmacogenetic array; saliva's lower overall call rate tracked its variable human-DNA content.Open-access full text (PDF)
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External links open an open-access full text where one exists, otherwise the publisher or PubMed record. These citations describe the published evidence for the collection formats and devices (not claims about specific Humans Nexus assays, which are validated per analyte and per laboratory).
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